DES算法源码解析与实现 文章
随着信息技术的飞速发展,数据加密技术已成为保护信息安全的重要手段。DES(Data Encryption Standard)算法作为一种经典的对称加密算法,被广泛应用于数据传输、存储等领域。本文将深入解析DES算法的源码,帮助读者更好地理解其工作原理和实现方法。
一、DES算法简介
DES算法是由IBM公司于1972年设计的,后于1977年被美国国家标准局(NIST)采纳为官方数据加密标准。DES算法采用64位密钥和64位明文,经过16轮复杂的替换和置换操作,最终生成64位密文。DES算法具有以下特点:
1.对称加密:加密和解密使用相同的密钥。 2.快速高效:加密和解密速度快,适合实时通信。 3.安全性较高:经过长时间的研究,DES算法的安全性尚未被破解。
二、DES算法源码解析
以下是DES算法的C语言实现源码,我们将对其进行解析。
`c
include <stdio.h>
include <string.h>
define SBOX1 0x01234567
define SBOX2 0x89abcdef
define SBOX3 0xfedcba98
define SBOX4 0x76543210
define SBOX5 0x98765432
define SBOX6 0x56789012
define SBOX7 0xcdef1234
define SBOX8 0x3412abcdef
void IP(int input, int output) { int temp[64]; for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { temp[i] = input[(i % 8) * 8 + ((i / 8) ^ 1)]; } for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { output[i] = temp[i]; } }
void IP_1(int input, int output) { int temp[64]; for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { temp[i] = input[(i % 8) * 8 + ((i / 8) ^ 1)]; } for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { output[i] = temp[i]; } }
void F(int input, int output) { int left[32], right[32]; for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { left[i] = input[i]; right[i] = input[i + 32]; } for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { output[i] = right[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { output[i + 32] = left[i] ^ (right[i + 1] ^ right[i + 2] ^ right[i + 3] ^ right[i + 4] ^ right[i + 5] ^ right[i + 6] ^ right[i + 7]); } }
void PC1(int input, int output) { int temp[56]; for (int i = 0; i < 56; i++) { temp[i] = input[i / 8 8 + (i % 8) 2 + ((i / 8) & 1)]; } for (int i = 0; i < 56; i++) { output[i] = temp[i]; } }
void PC2(int input, int output) { int temp[48]; for (int i = 0; i < 48; i++) { temp[i] = input[i / 7 7 + (i % 7) 2 + ((i / 7) & 1)]; } for (int i = 0; i < 48; i++) { output[i] = temp[i]; } }
void shift(int *input, int shift) { for (int i = 0; i < shift; i++) { int last = input[0]; for (int j = 0; j < 27; j++) { input[j] = input[j + 1]; } input[27] = last; } }
void expand(int input, int output) { int temp[48]; for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { temp[i] = input[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 48; j++) { if (j % 6 == 5) { temp[j] = input[(j - 2) / 6 32 + (j / 6) 4 + (j % 4)]; } else { temp[j] = input[(j - 1) / 6 32 + (j / 6) 4 + (j % 4)]; } } } for (int i = 0; i < 48; i++) { output[i] = temp[i]; } }
void Xor(int a, int b, int *output) { for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { output[i] = a[i] ^ b[i]; } }
void Sbox(int input, int output) { int temp[32]; for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { temp[i] = input[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { int row = (temp[4 * i] << 2) | (temp[4 * i + 1] << 1) | temp[4 * i + 2] | (temp[4 * i + 3] >> 3); int col = (temp[4 * i + 3] << 1) | temp[4 * i + 4] | (temp[4 * i + 5] >> 1) | (temp[4 * i + 6] << 3); output[4 * i] = SBOX1[(row >> 4) * 16 + (col >> 4)]; output[4 * i + 1] = SBOX1[(row >> 4) * 16 + (col & 0xf)]; output[4 * i + 2] = SBOX2[(row & 0xf) * 16 + (col >> 4)]; output[4 * i + 3] = SBOX2[(row & 0xf) * 16 + (col & 0xf)]; } }
void Sbox_inv(int input, int output) { int temp[32]; for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { temp[i] = input[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { int row = (temp[4 * i] << 2) | (temp[4 * i + 1] << 1) | temp[4 * i + 2] | (temp[4 * i + 3] >> 3); int col = (temp[4 * i + 3] << 1) | temp[4 * i + 4] | (temp[4 * i + 5] >> 1) | (temp[4 * i + 6] << 3); output[4 * i] = SBOX7[(row >> 4) * 16 + (col >> 4)]; output[4 * i + 1] = SBOX7[(row >> 4) * 16 + (col & 0xf)]; output[4 * i + 2] = SBOX8[(row & 0xf) * 16 + (col >> 4)]; output[4 * i + 3] = SBOX8[(row & 0xf) * 16 + (col & 0xf)]; } }
void DES_encrypt(int input, int output, int *key) { int L[64], R[64], temp[64]; memcpy(L, input, 64); memcpy(R, input, 64);
PC1(L, temp);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
int left[32], right[32];
memcpy(left, temp, 32);
memcpy(right, temp + 32, 32);
shift(right, 1);
Xor(right, key + (i * 48), left);
F(left, right);
memcpy(temp, right, 32);
memcpy(right, left, 32);
memcpy(left, temp, 32);
for (int j = 0; j < 48; j++) {
temp[j] = (right[j] << 1) | (right[j + 1] >> 7);
}
memcpy(right, temp, 48);
}
PC2(right, output);
Xor(L, R, output);
IP_1(output, output);
}
void DES_decrypt(int input, int output, int *key) { int L[64], R[64], temp[64]; memcpy(L, input, 64); memcpy(R, input, 64);
PC1(L, temp);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
int left[32], right[32];
memcpy(left, temp, 32);
memcpy(right, temp + 32, 32);
shift(right, 1);
Xor(right, key + (15 - i) * 48, left);
F(left, right);
memcpy(temp, right, 32);
memcpy(right, left, 32);
memcpy(left, temp, 32);
for (int j = 0; j < 48; j++) {
temp[j] = (right[j] << 1) | (right[j + 1] >> 7);
}
memcpy(right, temp, 48);
}
PC2(right, output);
Xor(L, R, output);
IP_1(output, output);
}
int main() { int input[64] = { / 64位明文 / }; int key[64] = { / 64位密钥 / }; int output[64];
DES_encrypt(input, output, key);
printf("Encrypted: ");
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
printf("%02x", output[i]);
}
printf("\n");
DES_decrypt(output, input, key);
printf("Decrypted: ");
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
printf("%02x", input[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
`
三、总结
通过对DES算法源码的解析,我们了解了DES算法的基本原理和实现方法。DES算法作为一种经典的加密算法,在信息安全领域具有重要地位。在实际应用中,可以根据需要选择合适的加密算法,以确保数据传输和存储的安全性。