Java串口通信源码解析与实现指南 文章

随着信息技术的不断发展，串口通信技术在嵌入式系统、工业控制等领域中扮演着重要的角色。Java作为一种跨平台的编程语言，在串口通信方面也有着广泛的应用。本文将针对Java串口通信的源码进行解析，并详细介绍如何在Java中实现串口通信。

一、Java串口通信概述

Java串口通信是指通过Java编程语言实现计算机与外部设备（如串口打印机、串口模块等）之间的数据交换。Java提供了Java Serial API（JSR 25）来支持串口通信，该API包含了一系列的类和方法，使得开发者可以方便地实现串口通信。

二、Java串口通信源码解析

1.串口通信类库

Java Serial API主要包括以下几个类：

（1）SerialPort：表示串口对象，包括串口的配置信息，如波特率、数据位、停止位等。

（2）PortIdentifier：用于查找串口对象，获取串口名称。

（3）CommunicationsException：表示串口通信过程中可能出现的异常。

（4）SerialPortEvent：表示串口事件，如数据接收、数据发送等。

2.串口通信流程

（1）获取串口对象

通过PortIdentifier类获取串口名称，然后使用SerialPort类创建串口对象。

java PortIdentifier portId = PortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier("COM1"); SerialPort serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open("MyApp", 2000);

（2）配置串口参数

使用SerialPort类设置串口参数，如波特率、数据位、停止位、校验位等。

java serialPort.setSerialPortParams(9600, SerialPort.DATABITS_8, SerialPort.STOPBITS_1, SerialPort.PARITY_NONE);

（3）设置串口事件监听器

使用SerialPort类添加串口事件监听器，以便在数据接收、发送等事件发生时进行处理。

java serialPort.addEventListener(new SerialPortEventListener() { @Override public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) { if (event.getEventType() == SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE) { // 处理接收到的数据 } } }); serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);

（4）发送数据

使用SerialPort类发送数据。

java OutputStream os = serialPort.getOutputStream(); os.write("Hello, Serial Port!".getBytes());

（5）关闭串口

在通信结束后，关闭串口。

java serialPort.close();

三、Java串口通信实现示例

以下是一个简单的Java串口通信实现示例，用于发送和接收数据。

`java import com.sun.jna.Library; import com.sun.jna.Native; import com.sun.jna.Platform;

public class SerialPortDemo { public interface SerialPort extends Library { SerialPort INSTANCE = (SerialPort) Native.loadLibrary("comsunjnaserialport", SerialPort.class); int OPENEXISTING = 3; int INVALIDHANDLEVALUE = -1; int SUCCESS = 0; int DCBLENGTH = 100; int BAUDRATE9600 = 9600; int DCBSETDTR = 0x00000002; int DCBSETRTS = 0x00000004; int FIFOMAX = 16; int SETRTS = 1; int SETDTR = 1; int CLRRTS = 0; int CLRDTR = 0; int FLUSHOUT = 1; int FLUSHIN = 2; int FLUSHRXTX = 6; int ERRORSUCCESS = 0; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = 6; int ERRORACCESSDENIED = 5; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORNOTENOUGHMEMORY = 8; int ERRORNOTFOUND = 118; int ERRORINVALIDFUNCTION = 1; int ERRORTIMEOUT = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERROROUTOFMEMORY = 14; int ERRORBADFORMAT = 11; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOTCONNECTED = 1017; int ERRORBADCOMMAND = 1021; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLE = -1; int ERRORINVALIDPARAMETER = 87; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESS = 48; int ERRORBUFFEROVERFLOW = 111; int ERRORNOTSUPPORTED = 50; int ERRORIOPENDING = 997; int ERRORINVALIDSTATE = 123; int ERRORsharingviolation = 32; int ERRORBADDEVICE = 32; int ERRORINVALIDNAME = 123; int ERRORDEVICENOTCONNECTED = 120; int ERRORBUSY = 70; int ERRORSEMTIMEOUT = 109; int ERRORALREADYEXISTS = 183; int ERRORFILENAMEEXCEDRANGE = 267; int ERRORINVALIDHANDLESTATE = 140; int ERRORNOTLOCKED = 167; int ERRORBADNETPATH = 53; int ERRORNETWORKUNREACHABLE = 1219; int ERRORBUFFERTOOSMALL = 122; int ERRORINVALIDADDRESSFORMAT = 48; int ERRORCONNECTIONREFUSED = 1219; int ERRORNOTENOUGHPRIVILEGES = 1220; int ERRORWRONGPASSWORD = 1221; int ERRORDIRNOTEMPTY = 123; int ERRORNOT_CONNECTED = 1017;