CentOS 源码安装 LAMP 环境详解

随着互联网技术的飞速发展，Linux 操作系统以其稳定、安全、开源等特性在服务器领域占据了重要地位。而CentOS作为一款优秀的Linux发行版，因其免费、兼容性强等特点，深受广大用户的喜爱。LAMP（Linux、Apache、MySQL、PHP）作为一套流行的Web开发环境，也是许多企业和个人开发者首选的选择。本文将详细讲解如何在CentOS上使用源码安装LAMP环境。

一、准备工作

1.下载源码包 首先，我们需要下载LAMP环境的各个组件的源码包。以下是一些常用的下载链接：

• Apache：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
• MySQL：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
• PHP：https://windows.php.net/download/

2.准备安装环境 确保您的CentOS系统已更新到最新版本，以便安装必要的依赖包。可以使用以下命令更新系统：

bash sudo yum update

二、安装Apache

1.创建Apache用户和组

bash sudo groupadd httpd sudo useradd -g httpd -s /sbin/nologin -M apache

2.安装Apache依赖包

bash sudo yum install -y pcre pcre-devel apr apr-devel openssl openssl-devel

3.解压Apache源码包

bash tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz cd httpd-2.4.29

4.编译和安装Apache

bash ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-module=so --enable-ssl make && make install

5.设置Apache服务

bash sudo cp -r modules /usr/local/apache/modules sudo cp -r conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/ sudo cp -r conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/ sudo cp -r conf/ssl /etc/httpd/ sudo chown -R apache:apache /etc/httpd sudo chown -R apache:apache /usr/local/apache

6.启动Apache服务

bash sudo systemctl start httpd sudo systemctl enable httpd

三、安装MySQL

1.安装MySQL依赖包

bash sudo yum install -y bison bison-devel ncurses ncurses-devel readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel

2.解压MySQL源码包

bash tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.27.tar.gz cd mysql-5.7.27

3.编译和安装MySQL

bash cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_SSL=yes -DWITH_ZLIB=yes -DWITH_LIBXML=yes -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=yes make && make install

4.设置MySQL服务

bash sudo cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf sudo cp -r scripts/mysql_install_db.sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/ sudo chown -R root:root /usr/local/mysql sudo chown -R root:root /usr/local/mysql/data sudo chmod +x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db.sh sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db.sh sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

5.配置MySQL环境变量

bash echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile

6.启动MySQL服务

bash sudo systemctl start mysqld sudo systemctl enable mysqld

四、安装PHP

1.安装PHP依赖包

bash sudo yum install -y libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel zlib zlib-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel openssl openssl-devel freetype freetype-devel

2.解压PHP源码包

bash tar -zxvf php-7.3.10.tar.gz cd php-7.3.10

3.编译和安装PHP

bash ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fpm --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd --with-iconv --with-mbstring --enable-bcmath --enable-calendar --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-json --enable-xml --enable-zip --with-bz2 --with-gettext --enable-opcache make && make install

4.设置PHP环境变量

bash echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin' >> /etc/profile echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/sbin' >> /etc/profile echo 'export PHP_FPM_PID_FILE=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid' >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile

5.配置Apache支持PHP

bash sudo cp php.ini-development /etc/php.ini

6.配置Apache模块

bash sudo cp -r /usr/local/php/etc/php.d/00_mods-available/* /etc/httpd/conf.d/

7.重新加载Apache配置

bash sudo systemctl restart httpd

至此，CentOS上LAMP环境已成功安装。您可以通过访问http://your_domain_name/来测试Apache、MySQL和PHP是否正常工作。